Editing Alpha Clock Serial v2

[[Alpha_Clock_Firmware_v2|Firmware v. 2.0]] for [[Alpha Clock Five]] has a built in serial interface protocol that supports several basic functions, including time sync and displaying text on the alphanumeric LED display, as well as sending serial data to multiple Alpha Clock Five units by "daisy chaining" their serial ports. 


== Interfacing to Alpha Clock Five ==

Alpha Clock Five has two onboard hardware serial ports.     The main serial port (Arduino PORT0, J2 on the PCB) is normally used for communication with your PC, while the second serial port (Arduino PORT1, J5 on the PCB) is normally used for connecting to another "daisy chained" Alpha Clock Five.      In general, we will refer to the main serial port, J2, as "the serial port" for purposes of communication.    


The serial port on Alpha Clock Five is a "TTL Serial" type that is connected directly to the microcontroller.  To interface with a computer, it is normally used with an FTDI serial interface such as the [http://evilmadscience.com/productsmenu/partsmenu/130-usbttl FTDI TTL-232R] or the Adafruit [http://evilmadscience.com/productsmenu/accessories/210 FTDI Friend].     Note that since the interface supports logic-level signals, it cannot be interfaced directly to a traditional RS232 serial port on a computer.    

The interface is normally configured for 19,200 baud, 8N1.

Alpha Clock Five usually resets when the serial connection is opened; this is a side-effect of the auto-reset circuitry used for reprogramming the clock using the bootloader.  If this is problematic and you expect to never update the firmware, you can disable auto-reset by removing capacitor C10 from the circuit board or by clipping the lead at pin RTS* on J2.  Alternatively, if you wish to sync the time to your computer and do not have a Chronodot RTC present, you may wish to physically disconnect the interface cable from J2 after syncing the time, so that the clock does not reset when you open a subsequent connection.

== Setting time alone ==

If you wish to set the time on your Alpha Clock Five via computer -- and not do any additional interfacing -- there is a Processing sketch called SetArduinoClock, [https://bcdn.evilmadscientist.com/source/SetArduinoClock.zip available here], for just that purpose. Run this sketch with [http://processing.org/ Processing].


== Daisy-Chained Serial ==

Alpha Clock Five features a second hardware serial port, located at location J5 on the circuit board.   For daisy chaining, you can use a [http://shop.evilmadscientist.com/productsmenu/partsmenu/586 six pin SIL F-F header cable] to connect from J5 directly to the main serial port (J2) on a second Alpha Clock Five unit.    

In revision B of the circuit board, J5 is located just below the middle chip, U2.   Pin 1, where the "black" side of the cable goes is indicated by an arrow.   In revision C of the circuit board,  J5 is located below U3, on the lower right side of the circuit board.    Pin 1, where the "black" side of the cable goes is indicated by an arrow.  Pin 1 is also indicated as the ''square'' pin of header J5.    If your kit did not come with a header at location J5, you will need to add one at that location in order to have a place to attach the cable.


Two commands, A''x'' and B''x'', where ''x'' is a single-character number (either binary or ASCII), can be used to send data to one or more Alpha Clock Five units that are connected together through their serial interfaces.   If ''x'' is equal to zero, the A0 or B0 command will be evaluated by the first Alpha Clock Five unit to receive the command.  If ''x'' is greater than zero (e.g., "A3"), an Alpha Clock Five unit that receives the command on its main serial port will decrement the ''x'' value (e.g., from "A3" to A2"), and issue the modified command through its second serial port, without otherwise processing the command.   For example, suppose that two Alpha Clock Five units are connected together via their serial ports. Then, the command A1, followed by a text/decimal string, will be received by the first Alpha Clock Five and then sent to the next as an A0 (text display) command, so that it will display that text/decimal string only on the second unit.



== Supported commands ==

Firmware version 2.0 supports three serial commands: Set time, Ascii display, and Mode Time (which turns off Ascii display).  

Each command consists of exactly 13 bytes:  A single header byte (0xFF), followed by a two-letter command code and then 10 additional bytes of data.  


==== ST: Set Time ====

The set time function is used to set the time displayed on Alpha Clock Five.


The full command consists of 13 bytes, as follows:
* The header byte, 0xFF
* The command ST
* A 10-digit string giving the number of seconds since Jan 1 1970


The number of seconds since Jan 1 1970 is an implementation of a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_time unix time] string.  
As an example, the 10-digit string 1324758327 represents the time 20:25:27, Saturday December 24.


The Alpha Clock Five library (v. 2.0 and above) includes a set of Processing sketches, including an example program (AlphaClock_SetTime) that can sync the time on your Alpha Clock Five to that on your PC.  To run these sketches, download Processing [http://processing.org from processing.org].


==== A0: Ascii Display ====

The A0 function is used to display data, for example alphanumeric characters, on the front LEDs of Alpha Clock Five.


The full command consists of 13 bytes, as follows:
* The header byte, 0xFF
* The command A0
* A 5-character string consisting of the ASCII characters to display  (e.g., "HELLO")
* A 5-character string indicating which (if any) decimal points should be lit (e.g., "_123_")


The 5 ASCII characters to display should be in the range " " (space, ASCII 32) to "e" (lower-case "e", ASCII 101).    There are defined characters for A-Z (upper case), 0-9, space, and symbols such as $, %, &, (, ), [, ], =, -, +, /, |, \, _, ., ", and ^. 
 ( Please [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII#ASCII_printable_characters see here] or [http://web.cs.mun.ca/~michael/c/ascii-table.html here] for a more complete ASCII chart in the appropriate range. )   There are also five 


Some symbols, such as the exclamation point or a semicolon, ''simply do not'' display well on an alphanumeric display.   In certain cases, the decimal points can be used to help make good looking characters, as is the case with the colon, aptly displayed by two decimal points (upper and lower) between two characters.   



The decimal point string consists of 5 characters, and describes which decimal points (if any) should be lit for each of the five alphanumeric LED displays.       For each character in this string, a value '1' will light the lower DP, a value '2' will light the upper DP, and a value '3' will light both DPs. Any other character will not cause either of the LEDs to be lit.   Any other character will not cause either of the LEDs to be lit.  Note that the decimal string is ''strictly additive''; if the string contains characters that light either DP (for example the period, '.'), the DP string cannot be used to turn off that LED.    Note that the decimal point protocol has been changed from that in firmware v1, for which the display characters were 'U', 'L', and 'B' for upper, lower, or both decimal points. 


Please see the Sample Programs section below for an example program that can display text on the Alpha Clock Five LEDs.

 
Note that the set of characters available (ASCII 32-96) is defined in the firmware.  If you need to display characters not in that set, or would like to change the shape of the displayed characters, that can be made possible by editing and uploading a new version of the firmware. 


To blank the display, you can send an string consisting of spaces, "     ".


==== A''x'': Daisy-Chained Ascii Display  ====

The A''x'' function is used to display alphanumeric characters on the front LEDs of more than one Alpha Clock Five, connected through their serial interfaces.   

The full command consists of 13 bytes, as follows:
* The header byte, 0xFF
* The command letter 'A', a single ASCII character
* The distance value ''x'', a single byte.  This may be an ASCII value of '0' - '9' or a binary value from 0 to 47. This value indicates how many daisy-chained Alpha Clock Five units should "relay" the command before displaying the characters.
* A 5-character string consisting of the characters to display  (e.g., "HELLO")
* A 5-character string indicating which (if any) decimal points should be lit (e.g., "_123_")


When Alpha Clock Five receives an A''x'' command on its main serial port (where ''x'' is not equal to zero), it relays that command out through its second serial port, decrementing it from A''x'' to A''(x-1)''.  For example, suppose that two Alpha Clock Five units are connected together via their serial ports. Then, the command A1, followed by a text/decimal string, will be received by the first Alpha Clock Five and then sent to the next as an A0 command, so that it will display that text/decimal string on the second unit.



==== MT: Mode Time ====

The MT function is used to resume normal display mode-- showing the time --after command A0 has been issued.


The full command consists of 13 bytes, as follows:
* The header byte, 0xFF
* The command MT
* A 10-character string (the contents of this string will be ignored).


Please see the Sample Programs section below for an example program that displays characters with A0, and then uses MT to display the time again.


== Sample programs ==

Sample applications to communicate with Alpha Clock Five are provided as .pde files, for use with the Processing development environment.  Processing is a free, cross-platform programming environment, and you can download your copy [http://processing.org/ at processing.org].


==== AlphaClock_SetText ====

Download this file [http://evilmadscientist.s3.amazonaws.com/source/alphafive/AlphaClock_SetText.pde here] (2 kB .pde file).    --NOT YET UPDATED FOR v2.


When you run the application, it presents a window.  Click your mouse in the window to alternately display a text string ("ALPHA", plus some added decimal points) and to resume clock display.  This demonstrates the use of the A0 and MT serial functions.

Note that you may need to edit the file to select the correct serial port, defined by the "portIndex" variable, in order to select the serial port where your clock is attached. 



==== AlphaClock_SetTime ====

Download this file [http://evilmadscientist.s3.amazonaws.com/source/alphafive/AlphaClock_SetTime.pde here] (2 kB .pde file).    

When you run the application, it presents a window.  Click your mouse in the window to set the time on the clock to your present computer system time.  This demonstrates the use of the ST function, and also provides an accurate way to set the display time.

Note that you may need to edit the file to select the correct serial port, defined by the "portIndex" variable, in order to select the serial port where your clock is attached.





== Additional Reserved Namespaces ==

The listed function names are reserved for use in future firmware.   If you extend the firmware with additional serial command functions, it is strongly advised that you do not use the following function names:

* B*   (B, followed by any character) 
* SA   (May be used for Set Alarm time in future firmware)
* SB   (May be used for Set Brightness in future firmware)   
* M*   Where * is in the range 2-9. (May be used for mode setting in future firmware)
* TP   (May be used for producing sounds in future firmware)